CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control. CNC uses computers to control machines. These machines cut, drill, and shape parts. The automated process reduces human error and improves accuracy and repeatability. For this reason, manufacturers achieve high accuracy and repeatable results.
CNC machining supports modern manufacturing. It produces metal and plastic parts and holds tight tolerances. It makes complex shapes with ease. Because of this, many industries rely on CNC every day.
What Does CNC Mean?
With CNC a computer uses a series of commands to control a machine. These commands come from a program called “G‑code”. The code tells the machine where to move. It also controls speed and depth.
Once the program starts, the machine repeats the same actions. It makes the same part again and again. This repeatability improves quality. It also reduces waste and saves time. This efficiency increase makes CNC machining profitability. Compared to manual cutting in which cutting begins quickly but proceeds slowly and a single mistake can destroy a piece.
How It Works
The process starts with a design. Engineers create a 3D model using CAD software. Then, special software called CAM software converts the model into special instructions called “G-Code”. This creates the toolpaths – the N for numbers in CNC. These toolpaths dictate the position and angle for the tool and (if there are enough axes) the base that holds the material. In some machines they can both move to position the tool in hard-to-reach places. The toolpaths can be very complex, determining the tool to use (if the machine can use different tools) and the speed of the tool’s rotation and movement. After this, a file with the toolpaths are sent to the machine.
Do you need a part designed? Element Manufacturing has a design team to make your part, perfectly and accurately made to your specifications. Contact us for a quote.
In the machine, the material is fixed in place, cutting tools are selected and the file loaded. Only then is the cutting ready to begin. This time consuming process adds to the expense of automation.
The machine starts and the G-code runs, removing material step by step. Only when the final shape is formed can quality be checked. Computers don’t make mistakes so there is less chance of errors. We can achieve finer detail because tools are controlled precisely.
Types of CNC Machines
Manufacturers use several types of CNC machines. Each type has a role and suits different parts.
CNC Milling Machines
CNC mills use rotating cutters to remove material from a solid block. They create flat surfaces, slots and pockets. This method is very flexible.
CNC Lathes
The part spins and the cutting tools move along it. This makes round shapes like shafts and bushings.
CNC Routers
A spinning cutter is move in this machine, usually in 2-axes. These machines work great on softer materials. Plastics and composites are common. They handle large sheets and can be cut into several shapes.
See Element Manufacturing’s CNC Machines
What Materials Can Be Machined?
These machines cut a variety of materials. This includes these metals:
- Aluminium
- Steel
- Brass
- Copper
- Titanium
- Inconel™ and more
Certain plastics are also suitable:
- ABS
- Nylon
- Acrylic is machined for clear parts
When considering which material is right for a given application, think about these factors: Strength, weight and cost are balanced. Additionally: appearance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat tolerance and more. The expert advice from the helpful people at Element Engineering aids us in our recommendation for materials.
Benefits of CNC
CNC machining has many benefits, including:
- More complex parts
- High accuracy
- Repeatability
- Lower labour costs
Because machines are programmed, output is controlled. Additionally, processes are automated, so downtime is limited. These benefits result in cost savings for you, the customer.
CNC Machining vs Manual Machining
Manual machining depends on operator skill. The machinist controls the tools by hand. Because operator experience is a factor, results can vary from part to part and operator to operator.
CNC machining relies on software and automation. The machine follows the same program every time. This approach produces consistent quality and tight tolerances.
For production work and precision parts, manufacturers choose CNC machining.
Expert Machining at Element Manufacturing
At Element Manufacturing, CNC machining is a core service. Our modern machines and skilled engineers ensure quality is prioritised at every stage.
We can do prototypes and one-offs or small batches, right up to large production runs. Get a quote from an Australian manufacturer, because CNC is what we do. Reliable parts with tight tolerances. Get a quote today.